How to Shingle a Roof?

What Are the Different Types of Shingles?

Types of Roofing and Their Shingle Installation Processes

Best Practices to Follow When Installing Roof Shingles

Partner With Armadas Exterior LLC for Reliable Shingle Installations in Portland, Oregon

Installing roof shingles can be challenging for those who lack the necessary skills and knowledge. The process requires climbing great heights and precision and expertise to achieve a weather-tight, durable, and aesthetically pleasing finish.

As daunting as it may sound, approaching this task with the right guidance can turn an overwhelming project into a manageable one. This article provides a detailed guide on how to install shingles, offering step-by-step instructions and expert recommendations to achieve professional results while ensuring safety and efficiency.

What Are the Different Types of Shingles?

Before installing the shingles on a roofing system in Portland, make sure you understand the different shingle options you can use. Each has certain features and a specific way of being used during installation.

Here are the common shingles to install on a roof:

Asphalt Shingles. This type of shingle is popular due to its affordability and ease of installation. They come in two main varieties: three-tab, which offers a flat, uniform look, and dimensional or architectural shingles, which provide a more textured and layered pattern. Asphalt roof shingles are versatile and come in various colors and styles.
Wood Shingles and Shakes. Made from cedar, redwood, or other types of wood, these shingles offer a natural, rustic aesthetic. Wood shingles are machine-cut and uniform in appearance, while wood shakes are hand-split, resulting in a more rugged texture. They offer good insulation and are environmentally friendly but require regular maintenance to prevent rot and insect damage.
Metal Shingles. Often made from steel, aluminum, or copper, metal shingles are known for their durability, lightweight nature, and resistance to fire and harsh weather conditions. They come in different styles and often mimic the appearance of other materials like wood or slate. Metal shingles have a long lifespan and require minimal maintenance, making them an increasingly popular choice.
Slate Shingles. Natural slate shingles provide a classic, high-end look due to their distinctive texture and color variations. They are highly durable, fire-resistant, and can last over a century if maintained properly. However, slate is one of the more expensive options and requires a reinforced roof structure to support its weight.
Tile Shingles. Commonly made from clay or concrete, tile shingles are known for their durability and traditional Mediterranean or Spanish-style aesthetic. They are excellent for hot climates as they reflect sunlight and keep homes cool. Tile shingles can last for decades but are heavy and may need additional structural support.
Solar Shingles. A modern innovation, solar shingles combine the function of conventional shingles with solar technology to generate electricity for your home. They are more aesthetically pleasing than traditional solar panels and help offset energy costs. However, they can be expensive and unsuitable for every home due to energy needs and roof orientation.
Rubber Shingles. Made from recycled materials, rubber shingles can mimic the appearance of slate or wood shakes. They are durable, impact-resistant, and can withstand various weather conditions. Rubber shingles are also eco-friendly and relatively easy to install, making them a cost-effective and sustainable choice.

Types of Roofing and Their Shingle Installation Processes

The choice of shingle type and installation process can depend on the roof’s architectural design. Each roofing style presents challenges and requirements, influencing the appeal, functionality, and longevity of your home’s protection from the elements. Learning how to install shingles on every type is vital to achieving roof durability and effectiveness.

Below are detailed instructions on how to approach shingle installations for gambrel, hip, and steep roofs, along with tips tailored to each style’s unique characteristics.

How to Shingle a Gambrel Roof

The gambrel roof, often associated with barns and colonial homes, features two slopes on each side. The upper slope is shallow, whereas the lower slope is steeper.

Preparation. Start by cleaning, drying, and freeing debris on the roof. Install an ice and water shield or underlayment across the entire roof surface, focusing particularly on the edges and valleys.
Starter Shingles. Begin at the lower edge of the roof, on the steeper slope. Use starter shingles (or cut shingles) to form a water-tight seal at the edges.
Lower Slope Shingling. Working upwards on the lower slope, lay out the shingles in rows, making sure each row overlaps the previous one by half the shingle’s height.
Transition to Upper Slope. When reaching the transition between the lower and upper slopes, use step flashing to see if there is no leakage at the angle of change.
Upper Slope Shingling. Continue laying shingles on the upper slope, aligning with the lower section, and secure them with nails or adhesive per the manufacturer’s guidelines.
Ridges and Valleys. Finish by installing ridge caps along the peak, adequately covering and securing the shingles with ridge nails.

How to Shingle a Hip Roof

A hip roof has slopes on all four sides, converging at corners, which form the ridges.

Underlayment. Cover the roof deck with felt paper or synthetic underlayment, paying special attention to the hips. Apply an ice and water shield along the eaves.
Starter Strip. Begin with a starter strip at the bottom edge of each slope to encourage water runoff.
Regular Shingling. Start shingling from the bottom, moving upwards in a pyramid fashion while maintaining level courses across all sides.
Navigating Hips. Employ step-flashing or metal strips along the hip lines for extra protection. Trim the shingles neatly along these lines.
Ridge Caps Installation. Finish by installing pre-cut or rolled ridge cap shingles along all ridges and hips. Nail the caps securely into place at every ridge line.

How to Shingle a Steep Roof

Steep roofs are characterized by their sharp pitch, requiring additional safety and precision during installation.

Safety First. Due to the steep angle, use fall protection systems, roof harnesses, and secure scaffolding or ladders before beginning work.
Underlayment. Lay down an ice and water shield or high-quality synthetic underlayment to provide maximum protection from water penetration.
Starter Course. Install a starter strip at the eaves and stagger the seams from row to row to prevent water ingress.
Applying Shingles. Begin from the bottom edge, working systematically upwards. Use more nails per shingle (usually six instead of four) for added security against sliding or wind uplift.
Ridge Installation. As with other roofs, cover the top ridge properly with ridge caps, making sure it overlaps the water away from the roof surface.

How to Shingle a Gable Roof

A gable roof has two sloping sides that form a triangular shape, making it one of the simplest and most popular roof styles.

Underlayment. Apply roofing felt or synthetic underlayment over the roof deck. Start from the eaves and work upward, overlapping each layer to prevent water infiltration.
Starter Strip. Install a starter strip along the eaves, ensuring proper adhesive application to create a water-resistant barrier.
Install Shingles. Start from the bottom edge, placing the first row of shingles flush with the starter strip. Work your way upwards while maintaining consistent horizontal alignment and overlap.
Gable Ends. Cut shingles to fit neatly at the gable ends, making sure they are flush with the drip edge or overhang slightly for water runoff.
Ridge Caps. Apply ridge cap shingles along the peak of the gable roof and nail them securely. Check that the ridge caps overlap each other to provide full coverage.

How to Shingle a Mansard Roof

A mansard roof, often associated with French architecture, features four sides with two slopes on each side. The lower slope is steeper and more pronounced.

Underlayment. Install a high-quality underlayment on the entire roof surface. Ice and water shields are highly recommended for the low slopes to prevent ice dam formation.
Begin With the Lower Slope. Start shingling from the steeper lower slope. Use starter shingles at the eaves, and ensure each row overlaps the preceding row.
Transition to Upper Slope. Once the lower slope is complete, transition carefully to the more shallow upper slope. Flashing materials should be used at each transition to prevent leaks.
Finish Upper Slope. Continue applying shingles on the upper slope until complete. Pay attention to any dormers or architectural features and flash appropriately.
Ridge and Edge Treatment. Complete with ridge caps on the roof apex and use step flashing around roof intersections or penetrations.

How to Shingle a Flat Roof

Though shingles are not typical for flat roofs, which often use membranes or tar and gravel, some may install modified bitumen shingles for slightly pitched flat roofs.

Prepare the Deck. Clean and dry the flat roof surface before installing the shingles. Consider a base layer of insulation, if necessary, followed by a water membrane.
Bitumen Sheets. Lay modified bitumen sheets, starting at the edge and working across the roof. Overlap each sheet and heat-seal the seams using a roofing torch or adhesive per the manufacturer’s instructions.
Flashings and Edges. Pay particular attention to edges and penetrations like vents or chimneys. Use metal flashings and ensure they are sealed properly.
Protective Coating. After installing the bitumen sheets, apply a protective coat for UV protection and longevity, as typical shingles are not used here.

How to Shingle an A-Frame

A-frame roofs are steep, triangular-shaped roofs that reach down to the ground level.

Install Underlayments. Cover the entire roof with an underlayment, starting from one side and overlapping at the center ridge.
Steep Angle Consideration. Due to the steepness, extra care is essential for safety. Secure ladders firmly and use harnesses.
Begin Shingling. Start from the bottom edges and move upward. Use additional nails per shingle to prevent slippage.
Center Ridge Sealing. Once both sides are shingled, apply ridge caps along the top, guaranteeing a tight fit.
Edge Work. Confirm that the shingles overhang the drip edges slightly to promote water runoff and prevent water damage at the walls.

Best Practices to Follow When Installing Roof Shingles

Safety First

It is important to create a safe work area during roof shingle installation. Always use the right equipment, including slip-resistant shoes, safety harnesses, and hard hats, to prevent accidents. It’s important to use sturdy ladders and scaffolding and secure them properly before starting work. Additionally, assess the weather conditions; avoid working during high winds, rain, or intense heat, as these can pose serious hazards to your safety.

Thorough Planning and Preparation

A successful shingle installation starts with thorough planning and preparation. Accurate roof measurements determine the exact quantity of shingles and additional materials needed, avoiding unnecessary waste or shortages. Before installation, inspect whether the roof deck is in excellent condition—clean, dry, and structurally sound. Any damaged sheathing should be replaced to provide a stable foundation for the shingles.

Proper Underlayment Installation

Underlayment is vital in providing an extra moisture barrier. Choose the right type for your climate, such as synthetic, felt paper, or an ice and water shield. Begin installing it from the eaves upwards, making sure each successive layer overlaps the previous one so that the water runs off correctly and does not seep underneath, enhancing the roof’s protective qualities.

Use Quality Materials

Investing in quality materials is important for a long-lasting roof. Choose high-quality, certified shingles suitable for the environmental conditions of your area. Additionally, use nails, flashing, and adhesive products recommended by the shingle manufacturer for excellent system integrity and compatibility, leading to optimal performance and durability.

Starter Strips and Shingle Layout

Proper installation requires accurate starter strip use and careful shingle layout. Begin by laying starter strips at the roof’s drip edges to prevent water penetration. Maintain straight, even rows of shingles with the appropriate overlap, typically one-third of the shingle’s length. This approach prevents leaks and ensures the shingles shed water effectively.

Pay Attention to Ventilation

Incorporate proper ventilation into your roofing project to improve performance, such as ridge vents, soffit vents, or other systems. Good ventilation prevents moisture buildup, extends shingle life by reducing heat accumulation, and helps maintain a balanced attic environment for better home energy efficiency.

Flashings and Details

Attention to flashings and other details cannot be overlooked. Use metal flashings at all roof intersections, valleys, and around penetrations like chimneys or vents. They effectively direct water away from these vulnerable areas, minimizing the chances of leaks. Also, seal all gaps and joints with high-quality sealant for enhanced water tightness.

Ridge Cap Installation

Proper ridge cap installation is the finishing touch that completes a roofing system. Use specifically designed ridge cap shingles that provide a polished look while offering long-lasting protection at the roof’s peak. Nail these caps properly per the manufacturer’s instructions to guarantee a tight, aligned, and overlapping seal.

Effective Cleanup and Inspection

The final phase involves thorough cleanup and inspection. Once the installation is complete, remove all debris, nails, and scraps from the roof surface and surrounding area to maintain safety and cleanliness. Then, follow up with an inspection to verify that all shingles are secure, properly aligned, and free from visible damage.

Ways to Extend a Shingle’s Lifespan

Improving the longevity of roof shingles involves a combination of proper maintenance, careful selection, and preventative measures. The longer a shingle lasts on a roof, the less money you have to pay for the maintenance and repairs.

Here are some effective ways to extend the lifespan of your shingles:

Regular Inspection and Maintenance. Conduct regular inspections at least twice a year and after major storms to identify and resolve issues like damaged or missing shingles, leaks, and debris accumulation. Maintenance tasks such as cleaning gutters, removing debris, and trimming overhanging branches can avoid damage and extend roof life.
Proper Ventilation. Provide enough attic and roof ventilation to prevent heat and moisture buildup. Proper airflow maintains consistent roof temperature and prevents issues like condensation, which can lead to mold growth and shingle deterioration.
Quality Installation. Proper installation is important to shingle longevity. Hiring experienced, reputable professionals can help install the shingles correctly. They always use proper underlayment, flashing, and ventilation to minimize the risk of future issues.
Use High-Quality Materials. Choose high-grade shingles that are suitable for your climate conditions. While they may cost more initially, durable shingles are less likely to require frequent repairs and have a longer lifespan.
Apply Roof Coating. Consider applying a protective roof coating. This can enhance weather resistance, reflect UV rays, and reduce heat absorption, prolonging shingle life and improving energy efficiency.
Repair Damage Promptly. Address any roof damage immediately to prevent issues from worsening. Quick repairs of areas with missing, curling, or cracked shingles will help stop leaks and prevent further damage to the roof structure.
Control Moss and Algae Growth. Regularly clean the roof to control moss and algae growth, which can retain moisture and lead to shingle damage. Use roof-safe cleaning solutions, and consider installing zinc or copper strips that naturally inhibit moss and algae proliferation.
Prevent Ice Dams. In colder climates, take measures to prevent ice dams by installing proper attic vents and insulation. Ice dams can cause water backup under shingles, leading to leaks and damage.
Avoid Power Washing. Refrain from high-pressure power washing, which can strip granules from asphalt shingles and cause damage. Opt for gentle cleaning methods that maintain shingle integrity.
Strategic Roof Color Selection. Choose roof colors that reflect the climatic conditions of your area. Lighter colors reflect more sunlight and can help reduce heat absorption in hot climates, while darker colors may be preferable in colder regions to absorb heat.

FAQs

How do you start shingles on a roof?

To start installing shingles on a roof, begin with a drip edge along the eaves to prevent water intrusion. Lay a starter strip of shingles along the edge while aligning it properly, and then start laying the first full row of shingles over the starter strip. Proper alignment and fastening are important for durability and leak prevention.

Can I shingle a roof by myself?

Shingling a roof on your own is possible if you have the necessary skills, tools, and safety equipment. However, it’s a complex task that requires physical effort, an understanding of roofing techniques, and a strong focus on safety. For many people, especially those without roofing experience, hiring a professional is recommended to complete the job correctly and safely.

Does the first row of shingles go upside down?

The first row of shingles is not placed upside down, but a starter strip is generally used at the edge of the roof. This strip is designed to fill in the gaps under the cutouts and joints of the first row of shingles, adding another layer of protection against water penetration.

What comes before shingles on a roof?

Before installing the shingles, a roof typically has several layers: the roof deck (usually plywood), followed by underlayment (such as roofing felt or synthetic underlayment) to provide an extra moisture barrier. Flashing and a drip edge are also installed at edges and valleys to direct water away and protect vulnerable areas. These preparatory steps are important for the roof’s longevity and effectiveness.

Partner With Armadas Exterior LLC for Reliable Shingle Installations in Portland, Oregon

Before installing roof shingles, it’s important to learn what roofing type your building has and the best ways to approach the job. But if you want the installation to go smoothly, consider working with Armadas Exterior LLC. We have roofers who have extensive experience in installing shingles on different roofing types. We also source high-quality materials, especially the shingles, to achieve quality results with the roofing job.

Don’t ruin your roofing with inadequate shingle installations—contact us today to discuss how we can kick off your roofing project in Portland, OR.

Lloyd Anderson